Duplex nozzle



- Feb' 17,1953 W. J. PURcHAs, JR 2,628,867

DUPLEX NozzLE Filed Jan. v, 194s lhmentor @y My@ MM BB I Gttornegs Patented Feb. 17, Y1953 UNITED STATES EN VOFFICE DUPLEX NOZZLE William"I.'`Purchas,"Jr., Grand- Rapids, Mich.,` a'slsignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit,

Mich., a corporation lof iDelaware Application January 7, 1348,; Serial No.. 926

-4 claims.

This invention generally relatesto liquid spray drawings of ahozzlefwhicliisrartiCu1ar1yadapt: u

ed `fori fuel spray combustonapparatus.

Figure 1v ofthe drawings isa longitudinal cross sectional viewpi the nozzle assembly..

Figure 2 isy a: y.trauflsverse.Y cross. ;s.ectiona1 :Lview takenonline- 2--2 of VFigure Y1 Figure. 3, isa transrerse cross'lsectionalirview taken on line 3 3` of Figure 1.

The nozzle Vassembly illustrated 'in Figure lof the drawings .comprisesea .body I hai/,inginterrlally threaded Acou-nterbores 2--3 inopposite ends,v a4 `ilterl element 5 screwedin' the: counterboreiZ anda hollow -cap member 11screwed in the rotller counterbore 3. They body I yis provided withI an. external mounting flange 91 having an annular` groove: in one'facecontaining va gasket i IIHand.v anV externally threaded portion I'Slfshown screwedfin'- a threaded'opening-y of variable fuel pressure 'fittingn I5 to retain the lflange `9` and ygasket II thereon in fluid tight relationwith the-` fitting I5 and to Iposition the filter element withintghectilng. The nozzle body IY hassmall and large diameterffuel supply passages I1 and I9 ,extending-betweenthe faces of the end counterbores 2 3. A hollow Valve seat 2I having an external flange l23= anda threaded portion is scr-@Wed thealaree dameterrpassage, I9 to; retain the flange 23 seated orrutheifgface ofV the. counterbore. 2. A. valve head 25, is normally seated on the valve seat 2| by means of a helical compression spring 21 placed-*in the passage-I9 andY engageable at oneV end "with, the valve.' rhead lFand at the otherendwith an adjustable abutmentfz threaded'in theotherpend of' ,tlieg'passage Ii9^= and-j locked"V therein .by-a ,threadedV lockirlgfcojllarV 3Ii. HIIhe adjustable abutmentyz` `and lQQkingcollar BI'therefor are provided with adjusting groovesl 33-#35' which are engageable by tools upon remoyalofthenozzle cap 1.

Thev cap 1 is provdedwithan internal f1angef31 adjacent the axial opening 39 the outer end a. hollow cylindrical fuel i discharge; spray` tip Mirroridedfl with external flange 4s isseated on the cap flange 31 by means of an annular .spacer 45 and a bushing 41 threaded into the inner endv4 oft-he cap. Y The-innerend face lof-i';l'1e bushingf-I- is providedrwithf a -groovecontaining a gasket 49 and thisJ Vface and gasket is` inuid tight contact with theinnerface ofthe spacer i151V `'The spacer 45- has-anl enlarged internaldiameter outerendfportion surrounding thecyglindrieal inner -vend f portion of the t-ip which is closed -bya plugpily andthe-inner -faeefof-tghe spacer bears only enthe-"peripheral-portionH of the inner face of" the tip hanged@l and holdsfthe opposite faceincontactwith vthe capi-flange. The bushing l1 and spaceri5I thusform a fuel space surrounding thef-inner--end of the tip-4l and communicatlngwith the large` diameter suppl-ypassage 19in the body I. AAnaxial discharge orice having a. small; diameter -throatcandend walls` 53 diver'ging inwardly and outwardly therefrom is provided in the outer end of thetipfi contained in the cap opening 39 As best seenin AFigures l a1-1d? 2,jf our-' fueljgin let orifices 55 extend. `rtangential-lywij-,hg respect to the internal cylindrical sur-face of" tljleg-tip through thefcylindrical wall thereof adjacentthe plug 5I in the inner-end to cause'whirling-of'the fuel entering theseioriflcesfrom the body pas-y sage I9 upon unseating of the-valvehhead 25 by a value of supply' fuel pressure suicientfto overcome thespring. y

As best` seen in Figures :1 `and -3'f two other Smaller diameter fuel: 'inlet `orifices .511 are shown extending tangentially 1in the4 same ymanner with respect` to; they internal. Icylindrical surfaceroff' the .tip from a groove 59 f formed. in the peripheral surface. of `the tipgfl'angeadjacentfthe.. dis'- charge orifice; 553; 1A recess II-fformed .inthe 6,2110 adjacent this groei/re. leads' to .a longitudinal cap f passage,` litk exten-ding to ari-annular groove 6.5 in thennerfaceof the cap.v 11 witnnwhicl the small dameerbody fuel; supply .passager I1. reg- SQIS- With i'llll.tiltllrl ,describedffuel spray nozzle. wheny fuel eptersgtheg-.lilter .element-,.5` ,atea low value of --pressuregiusufcient to cause :unseating ,0i the Valve :hpa-d; 25; 1in.. they largefdiameterfpaasage IS)r in fthebody I-,rfueli'at thisolowfpressure Will pass; through; the small: diameter supply `passage I1 in the body I, toand through uthe cap groove 65,l passage-6 3 :and recess 6I f to and through; the; tipiggrooye 59:E andvsrnallfl diameter ltaligential: orifices e1 adjacent the discharge oriwhirled; therein and discharged through the small diameter discharge oriceth-roatf- 53 havlng inwardly andv outwardly dvergingl wal-lsgin a aiwideangle conical spray pattern.

Upon an increase in,the'fuelsupplyfpressure suiiicient to unseat; the valvei-head- '251 from the rallyeV seat 2| yin the large diameterrbodysllpply passage. te: @uga-insty the forcent 4the -sprlng21 fuel passes through the valve, to and through the bushing 41 and spacer 45 in the cap, and enters the larger diameter tangential orifices 55 in the tip 4 l. This causes greater whirling action of the fuel in the tip and an increase in pressure therein and greater fuel discharge from the discharge orifice throat 53 as fuel is supplied thereto through both of the body supply passages I'I-|9, resulting in a narrower angle conical spray pattern.

The lower fuel volume and pressure discharge rate and wide angle conical spray pattern condition is suitable for lower heat output and ignition by an igniter located to one side of the discharge orifice in this spray pattern and the higher fuel volume and pressure discharge rate and narrow angle conical spray pattern condition does not impinge upon the igniter and provides a higher heat output.

The removal of the cap I exposes the adjustable valve spring abutment 29 and locking collar 3| therefor and thereby enables the change-over between low and high fuel volume and pressure delivery rates and change-over between wide and narrow angle spray patterns to be obtained for a selected value of delivery pressure.

The tip 4l is the only part of the nozzle which requires a drilling operation. All the other parts of the assembly may be formed by simple machining operations, are readily assembled and disassembled, and provide a simpler inexpensive variable fuel delivery rate and spray pattern nozzle.

I claim:

1. A fuel `supply nozzle comprising -a body, a fuel inlet lter removably secured to one end of said body, a cap removably secured to the other end of said body, small and large area fuel supply passages in said body extending between said lter and said cap, said large area passage having a valve seat removably secured therein adjacent said filter, an axially adjustable hollow abutment therein adjacent said cap, a valve head Vand a spring between said head and said abutment for holding said head on said valve seat, said cap having separate large and small area fuel supply passages each in communication with a similar area body passage, a hollow cylindrical spray tip unit having a plugged inner end and an axial discharge orifice in the other end projecting outwardly from said cap, said spray tip unit having a group of. inlet orifices extending tangentially through the cylindrical wall of said unit immediately adjacent said discharge orice and communicating with a small area body passage through the small area cap passage and a second group of inlet orifices extending through the cylindrical wall of said unit in a similar Itangential relation and axially spaced from said other group of inlet orices, said second group of inlet orifices communicating with the large area cap and body passages.

2. A fuel supply nozzle comprising a body with aV fuel inlet' at one end of said body, a cap removably secured to the other end of said body, small and large area fuel supply passages in said body extending between said inlet and said cap, said large area passage having a valve seat removably secured therein adjacent said inlet, an axially adjustable hollow abutment therein adjacent said cap, a `valve head and a spring between said head and said abutment for holding said head on said valve seat, said cap having separate large and small area fuel supply passages each in communication with a similar area body passage, a hollow cylindrical spray tip unit having a plugged inner end and an axial discharge orifice in the other end projecting outwardly from said cap, said spray tip unit having -a group of inlet orifices extending tangentially through the cylindrical wall of said unit immediately adjacent said discharge orifice and communicating with a small area body passage through the small area cap passage and a second group of inlet orifices extending through the cylindrical w-all of said unit in a similar tangential relation and axially spaced from said other group of inlet orifices, said second group of inlet orices communicating with the large area cap and body passages.

3. A fuel supply nozzle comprising -a body with a fuel inlet at one end of said body, a cap removably secured to the other end of said body, small and large area fuel supply passages in said body extending between said inlet and said cap, said large area passage having a valve seat removably secured therein adjacent said inlet, 'an axially adjustable hollow abutment therein adjacent said cap, a valve head and a spring between said head and said abutment for holding said head on said valve seat, said cap defining separate large and small area fuel supply passages each in communication with a similar area body passage, and a hollow cylindrical spray tip unit mounted in said cap, said spray tip unit having at least one inlet orifice communicating with a small area body passage through the small area cap passage and at least one inlet orifice communicating with the large area cap and body passages.

4. A fuel supply nozzle comprising a body with a fuel inlet at one end of said body, a cap removably secured -to the other end of said body, small and large area fuel supply passages in said body y extending between said inlet and said cap, said large area passage having a valve seat secured therein, an axially adjustable hollow abutment therein between said valve seat and said cap, a valve head and a spring between said head and said abutment for holding said head on said valve seat, said cap defining separate large and small area fuel supply passages" each in communication with a similar area body passage, and a spray tip unit retained on said body by said cap, the spray tip unit communicating with said large land small area passages, all so constructed and arranged that removal of said cap provides access to said abutmentvfor adjustment thereof.

WILLIAM J. PURCHAS, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

